Câu bị động thì quá khứ đơn là dạng câu khá phổ biến trong cả tiếng Anh nói và viết. Dạng câu này dùng để diễn tả việc một sự vật, hiện tượng đã bị chi phối bởi một chủ thể khác như thế nào trong quá khứ. Hãy cùng tìm hiểu một cách chi tiết dạng câu bị động thì quá khứ đơn này ở bài viết dưới đây nhé!

1. Định nghĩa Câu bị động thì Quá khứ đơn
Câu bị động ở thì Quá khứ đơn (Past Simple Passive) được dùng khi muốn nhấn mạnh đến đối tượng chịu tác động của hành động trong quá khứ, thay vì người thực hiện hành động.
Nói cách khác, ta dùng thể bị động thì Quá khứ đơn khi:
- Hành động đã xảy ra và kết thúc trong quá khứ
- Chủ thể thực hiện hành động không quan trọng, không biết rõ, hoặc muốn ẩn đi
Ví dụ:
- The window was broken last night.
(Cái cửa sổ đã bị vỡ tối qua – không quan trọng ai làm vỡ) - The documents were sent yesterday.
(Các tài liệu đã được gửi hôm qua)
Tìm hiểu thêm:
2. Cấu trúc bị động thì Quá khứ đơn
2.1. Câu khẳng định (Affirmative)
Cấu trúc: S + was/were + V3/ed (+ by + O)
Ví dụ:
- The letter was written by Anna.
- The houses were built in 1990.
2.2. Câu phủ định (Negative)
Cấu trúc: S + was/were + not + V3/ed (+ by + O)
Ví dụ:
- The room was not cleaned yesterday.
- The emails were not sent on time.
2.3. Câu nghi vấn Yes/No (Yes/No Questions)
Cấu trúc: Was/Were + S + V3/ed (+ by + O)?
Ví dụ:
- Was the cake made by your mom?
- Were the reports printed this morning?
2.4. Câu nghi vấn có từ để hỏi (Wh-Questions)
Cấu trúc: Wh-word + was/were + S + V3/ed (+ by + O)?
Ví dụ:
- When was the bridge built?
- Who were the invitations sent by?
3. Cách chuyển câu bị động thì Quá khứ đơn trong tiếng Anh
3.1. Cấu trúc chuyển đổi
Chủ động (Active) | S + V2/ed + O |
Bị động (Passive) | O + was/were + V3/ed (+ by + S) |
3.2. Các bước chuyển từ câu chủ động sang bị động
Bước 1: Xác định chủ ngữ, động từ và tân ngữ
Ví dụ: They cleaned the room.
➢ Chủ ngữ: They
➢ Động từ: cleaned (V2)
➢ Tân ngữ: the room
Bước 2: Đưa tân ngữ lên đầu làm chủ ngữ mới
The room …
Bước 3: Chia động từ
- Chia động từ to be theo thì quá khứ đơn (was/were)
➢ “The room” → số ít → dùng was - Chuyển động từ chính sang quá khứ phân từ (V3)
➢ “cleaned” → V3 vẫn là cleaned - Thêm by + chủ ngữ cũ (nếu cần)
Kết quả: The room was cleaned (by them).
Một số ví dụ khác:
Câu chủ động | Câu bị động |
---|---|
She wrote a letter. | A letter was written (by her). |
We visited the museum. | The museum was visited (by us). |
They bought two pizzas. | Two pizzas were bought (by them). |
He did not open the door. | The door was not opened (by him). |
Did she clean the floor? | Was the floor cleaned (by her)? |
Tìm hiểu thêm:
4. Bài tập Bị động của Quá khứ đơn
4.1. Chia động từ vào ô trống
- The letter __________ (send) by the secretary yesterday.
- The ancient temple __________ (visit) by many tourists every year.
- The novel __________ (write) by the famous author last century.
- A new computer program __________ (develop) by our team recently.
- The cake __________ (bake) by my grandmother for the special occasion.
- The news __________ (announce) on television last night.
- The keys __________ (lose) by someone in the park.
- A beautiful song __________ (sing) by the talented artist at the concert.
- The flowers __________ (plant) in the garden last spring.
- The movie __________ (produce) by a renowned director.
- A delicious meal __________ (prepare) by the chef for the guests.
- The mistake __________ (correct) by the teacher after the exam.
- The old building __________ (demolish) to make way for a new shopping mall.
- The message __________ (deliver) to your office this morning.
- The room __________ (clean) by the hotel staff every day.
Đáp án:
- The letter ___was sent_______ (send) by the secretary yesterday.
- The ancient temple ___is visited_______ (visit) by many tourists every year.
- The novel ___was written_______ (write) by the famous author last century.
- A new computer program ___has been developed__ (develop) by our team recently.
- The cake ____was baked______ (bake) by my grandmother for the special occasion.
- The news ____was announced______ (announce) on television last night.
- The keys _____were lost_____ (lose) by someone in the park.
- A beautiful song ____was sung______ (sing) by the talented artist at the concert.
- The flowers ___were planted_______ (plant) in the garden last spring.
- The movie ___was produced_______ (produce) by a renowned director.
- A delicious meal ___was prepared_______ (prepare) by the chef for the guests.
- The mistake ___was corrected_______ (correct) by the teacher after the exam.
- The old building __was demolished________ (demolish) to make way for a new shopping mall.
- The message ___was delivered_______ (deliver) to your office this morning.
- The room ____is cleaned______ (clean) by the hotel staff every day.
4.2. Chuyển từ câu chủ động sang bị động Quá khứ đơn
- They conducted experiments in the laboratory.
=> The experiments _______________________________________
- She wrote a novel last summer.
=> A novel ________________________________________________
- Someone discovered the treasure hidden in the cave.
=> The treasure __________________________________________
- The workers built a bridge across the river.
=> A bridge ______________________________________________
- The chef prepared a delicious meal for the guests.
=> A delicious meal ________________________________________
- The teacher explained the grammar rules to the students.
=> The grammar rules ______________________________________
- The team won the championship last season.
=> The championship ______________________________________
- Someone delivered a package to my house yesterday.
=> A package ______________________________________________
- The police caught the thief near the park.
=> The thief _______________________________________________
- They organized a surprise party for her birthday.
=> A surprise party _________________________________________
- The doctor prescribed a new medicine for the patient.
=> A new medicine __________________________________________
- Someone posted the announcement on the bulletin board.
=> The announcement _______________________________________
- The company awarded him the Employee of the Month.
=> He _______________________________________________________
- The gardener plants flowers in the garden every spring.
=> Flowers __________________________________________________
- They held a meeting to discuss the new project.
=> A meeting ________________________________________________
Đáp án:
- Experiments were conducted in the laboratory by them.
- A novel was written by her last summer.
- The treasure hidden in the cave was discovered by someone.
- A bridge across the river was built by the workers.
- A delicious meal was prepared for the guests by the chef.
- The grammar rules were explained to the students by the teacher.
- The championship was won by the team last season.
- A package was delivered to my house yesterday by someone.
- The thief near the park was caught by the police.
- A surprise party for her birthday was organized by them.
- A new medicine was prescribed for the patient by the doctor.
- The announcement on the bulletin board was posted by someone.
- He was awarded the Employee of the Month by the company.
- Flowers are planted in the garden every spring by the gardener.
- A meeting was held to discuss the new project by them.
Xem thêm: Tổng hợp ngữ pháp tiếng Anh từ cơ bản đến nâng cao
Trên đây là kiến thức tổng quan về dạng câu bị động thì quá khứ đơn. Hy vọng thông qua những chia sẻ kiến thức và bài tập áp dụng trong bài, bạn sẽ nắm thật vững kiến thức này và áp dụng thuần thục trong thực tiễn nhé!