Câu bị động quá khứ tiếp diễn là sự kết hợp giữa cấu trúc câu bị động và thì quá khứ tiếp diễn. Cụ thể bị động quá khứ tiếp diễn được sử dụng như thế nào và ngữ cảnh cụ thể ra sao, hãy cùng tìm hiểu trong bài viết dưới đây nhé!
1. Tổng quan về Câu bị động thì quá khứ tiếp diễn
Định nghĩa: Dạng bị động của thì quá khứ tiếp diễn (past continuous passive voice) được sử dụng khi muốn nhấn mạnh vào hành động đang diễn ra trong quá khứ mà không cần biết đến người thực hiện hành động đó.
Công thức câu bị động của thì quá khứ tiếp diễn:
| Công thức | |
|---|---|
| Khẳng định (Statement) | was/ were being + past participle |
| Phủ định (Negative) | was/ were not (wasn’t/ weren’t) being + past participle |
| Câu hỏi (Question) | Was/ Were + S + being + past participle ? |
Lưu ý: “was” được sử dụng với “I, he, she, it,” hoặc với danh từ số ít, còn “were” được sử dụng với “you, we, they,” hoặc với danh từ số nhiều.
Cách dùng câu bị động của thì quá khứ tiếp diễn:
Dạng bị động của thì quá khứ tiếp diễn được sử dụng trong tiếng Anh để nhấn mạnh vào hành động đang diễn ra trong quá khứ và không quan trọng người thực hiện hành động đó. Dưới đây là một số trường hợp thường sử dụng dạng này, cùng với ví dụ và giải thích.
1. Khi muốn nhấn mạnh vào hành động đang diễn ra trong quá khứ mà không quan trọng người thực hiện:
- Ví dụ: The car was being fixed.
- Giải thích: Chúng ta quan trọng việc xe hơi đang được sửa chữa, không quan trọng ai đang sửa.
2. Khi người nói không muốn đề cập đến người thực hiện hành động:
- Ví dụ: The book was being read.
- Giải thích: Chúng ta quan trọng việc sách đang được đọc, không quan trọng ai đang đọc.
3. Khi muốn đưa sự chú ý lên hành động đang diễn ra trong quá khứ:
- Ví dụ: The problem was being solved.
- Giải thích: Chúng ta muốn đưa sự chú ý lên việc vấn đề đang được giải quyết.
4. Khi muốn nhấn mạnh vào hành động đang xảy ra đồng thời với một hành động khác trong quá khứ:
- Ví dụ: While I was sleeping, the cake was being baked.
- Giải thích: Chúng ta muốn nhấn mạnh vào việc bánh đang được nướng đồng thời với hành động ngủ của mình.
5. Khi muốn nêu hành động đã được chuẩn bị hoặc đã được bắt đầu trước một thời điểm cụ thể trong quá khứ:
- Ví dụ: By 5 o’clock yesterday afternoon, the report was being written.
- Giải thích: Chúng ta muốn nêu rõ rằng vào lúc 5 giờ chiều hôm qua, báo cáo đang được viết.
Như vậy, dạng bị động của thì quá khứ tiếp diễn giúp chúng ta tập trung vào hành động đang diễn ra trong quá khứ mà không cần biết người thực hiện, hoặc muốn đưa sự chú ý đến việc hành động đang xảy ra.
Xem thêm: Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn (Past Continuous): Công thức và bài tập
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2. Bài tập Câu bị động thì quá khứ tiếp diễn
Bài tập 1: Chuyển câu chủ động thành câu bị động thì quá khứ tiếp diễn
- They were fixing the car.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
- She was cooking dinner.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
- We were watching a movie.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
- He was painting the walls.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
- The students were studying for the exam.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
- They were cleaning the house.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
- She was reading a book.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
- The chef was preparing a delicious meal.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
- They were playing football.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
- He was writing an email.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
- The workers were building a new bridge.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
- She was teaching English.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
- We were waiting for the bus.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
- He was repairing the computer.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
- The children were playing in the park.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
- They were discussing the project.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
- She was knitting a sweater.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
- The team was practicing for the match.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
- He was writing a report to his boss.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
- They were having a meeting.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Đáp án:
- The car was being fixed by them.
- Dinner was being cooked by her.
- A movie was being watched by us.
- The walls were being painted by him.
- The exam was being studied for by the students.
- The house was being cleaned by them.
- A book was being read by her.
- A delicious meal was being prepared by the chef.
- Football was being played by them.
- An email was being written by him.
- A new bridge was being built by the workers.
- English was being taught by her.
- The bus was being waited for by us.
- The computer was being repaired by him.
- The park was being played in by the children.
- The project was being discussed by them.
- A sweater was being knitted by her.
- The match was being practiced for by the team.
- A report was being written to his boss by him.
- A meeting was being had by them.
Bài tập 2: Lựa chọn đáp án đúng
1. The house ___________ by them.
A. build
B. was being built
C. has been built
2. Dinner ___________ by her.
A. was cooking
B. was being cooked
C. was cooked
3. A movie ___________ by us.
A. was watching
B. was being watched
C. was watched
4. The walls ___________ by him.
A. were painting
B. were being painted
C. were painted
5. The exam ___________ for by the students.
A. was studying
B. was being studied
C. was studied
6. The house ___________ by them.
A. was cleaned
B. was being cleaned
C. was cleaning
7. A book ___________ by her.
A. was read
B. was being read
C. was reading
8. A delicious meal ___________ by the chef.
A. was preparing
B. was being prepared
C. was prepared
9. Football ___________ by them.
A. was playing
B. was being played
C. was played
10. An email ___________ by him.
A. was writing
B. was being written
C. was written
11. A new bridge ___________ by the workers.
A. was being built
B. was building
C. was built
12. English ___________ by her.
A. was teaching
B. was being taught
C was taught
13. The bus ___________ for by us.
A. was waiting
B. was being waited
C was waited
14. The computer ___________ by him.
A. was repaired
B. was being repaired
C. was repairing
15. The game ___________ by the children.
A. was played
B. was being played
C. was playing
16. The project ___________ by them.
A. was discussing
B. was being discussed
C. was discussed
17. A sweater ___________ by her.
A. was knitted
B. was being knitted
C. was knit
18. The match ___________ for by the team.
A. was practiced
B. was being practiced
C. was practicing
19. Work ___________ to by him.
A. was driving
B. was being driven
C. was driven
20. A meeting ___________ by them.
A. was having
B. was being had
C. was had
21. The song ___________ by the choir.
A. was singing
B. was being sung
C. was sung
22. The cake ___________ by her.
A. was baking
B. was being baked
C. was baked
23. The streets ___________ by the city workers.
A. were cleaning
B. were being cleaned
C. were cleaned
24. The letter ___________ by him.
A. was writing
B. was being written
C. was written
25. The fire ___________ by the firefighters.
A. was extinguishing
B. was being extinguished
C. was extinguished
Đáp án:
- was being built
- was being cooked
- was being watched
- were being painted
- was being studied
- was being cleaned
- was being read
- was being prepared
- was being played
- was being written
- was being built
- was being taught
- was being waited
- was being repaired
- was being played
- was being discussed
- was being knitted
- was being practiced
- was being driven
- was being had
- was being sung
- was being baked
- were being cleaned
- was being written
- was being extinguished
Bài tập 3: Chia động từ cho các câu sau
- The house ______________ (build) by them.
- Dinner ______________ (cook) by her.
- A movie ______________ (watch) by us.
- The walls ______________ (paint) by him.
- The exam ______________ (study) for by the students.
- The house ______________ (clean) by them.
- A book ______________ (read) by her.
- A delicious meal ______________ (prepare) by the chef.
- Football ______________ (play) by them.
- An email ______________ (write) by him.
- A new bridge ______________ (build) by the workers.
- English ______________ (teach) by her.
- The bus ______________ (wait) for by us.
- The computer ______________ (repair) by him.
- The park ______________ (play) in by the children.
- The project ______________ (discuss) by them.
- A sweater ______________ (knit) by her.
- The match ______________ (practice) for by the team.
- Work ______________ (drive) to by him.
- A meeting ______________ (have) by them.
- The song ______________ (sing) by the choir.
- The cake ______________ (bake) by her.
- The streets ______________ (clean) by the city workers.
- The letter ______________ (write) by him.
- The fire ______________ (extinguish) by the firefighters.
Đáp án:
- was being built
- was being cooked
- was being watched
- were being painted
- was being studied
- was being cleaned
- was being read
- was being prepared
- was being played
- was being written
- was being built
- was being taught
- was being waited
- was being repaired
- was being played
- was being discussed
- was being knitted
- was being practiced
- was being driven
- was being had
- was being sung
- was being baked
- were being cleaned
- was being written
- was being extinguished
Tóm lại, câu bị động quá khứ tiếp diễn được sử dụng để chỉ việc một đối tượng đang bị tác động bởi một tác nhân nào đó trong quá khứ. Hy vọng những diễn giải và bài tập trong bài sẽ giúp bạn hiểu sâu kiến thức này và áp dụng nhuần nhuyễn trong thực tế nhé!
